Reports from the economic governance and European Monetary Union review departments highlighted the challenges faced by non-eurozone member states using CBDCs. The main issue is that the currency acceptance of the digital euro by the entire EU requires approval of international agreements between the EU and third countries.

Erwin Voloder, the policy director of the European Blockchain Association, stated that CBDCs are a closed-loop data cycle that requires at least a minimum data sharing agreement between countries. There are complex legal issues related to usage, wallets, and jurisdiction, and so far there is no viable solution, which is the biggest challenge for the future.